You are right on track: this technique and its derivativethe derived (generic) style your images have in common are called Celcel shading, named after the transparent celluloid sheets that are used in classical comic and animation production:
These sheets are used to separate animation from the inanimate background and static props. On them, the outlines are usually drawn on one side, and the objects coloured in on the back, giving crisp outlines.
These outlines are rendered in 3D using edge detection, to simulate a flat character. To the same effect, real-time lighting effects are often a lot less gradual (i.e. it is quantized). This can be seen clearly on the pants of the Naruto Skin shader, whereas Telltale opted for a more subtle lighting, balancing TWD's art style between the comic style of their source material and the realism the emotionally heavy storyline demands.
Fun fact: Telltale introduced their signature style in The Walking Dead season 1 as they wanted to imitate the comic art by Tony Moore.*
* Well, they already had made use of cell shading in Strong Bad's Cool Game for Attractive People, but that was way more cartoon-like, and with TWD they combined it with that gritty noir style many people associate with them.